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    <title>EDN News 12 — Airdefense</title>
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    <description>Surface-to-air systems explained layer by layer: sensors, interceptors, command links, magazine depth and the cost per engagement each design accepts.</description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 03:19:09 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>Here is why an air defense radar cannot see over the horizon, and how defenders fix it</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/why-a-radar-cannot-see-over-the-horizon-and-how-defenders-fix-it/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Radar is line-of-sight on a curved planet: the 4.12√h rule sets the radar horizon, and layered defenses exist to stack sensors past it. A mechanism explainer with sourced figures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:54:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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      <title>The Patriot system explained: what its radar and interceptors actually do, per official documents</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/the-patriot-system-explained-what-its-radar-and-interceptors-do/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Patriot runs one multifunction radar and two opposite kill philosophies — PAC-2 fragmentation and PAC-3 hit-to-kill. A mechanism explainer built from official documents and hedged manufacturer claims.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 08:54:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Nils Andersen</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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      <title>Putting an Army interceptor on Navy destroyers is really about magazine depth</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/putting-an-army-interceptor-on-navy-destroyers-is-really-about-magazine-depth-6fa09025/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Lockheed Martin's PAC-3 MSE has moved from Army Patriot launchers to the Navy's Mark 41 Vertical Launching System, and official statements and procurement data tie the shift less to any new threat the missile can counter than to production capacity and a fleet still learning to reload its magazines at sea.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 08:42:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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      <title>Hit-to-kill versus proximity fusing: the two ways an interceptor can end a threat</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/hit-to-kill-versus-proximity-fuse-the-two-ways-an-engagement-ends/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Interceptors end engagements by direct collision or by a proximity-fused fragment cone. How each method works, what it costs, and where each one wins.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 26 Jul 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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    <item>
      <title>Passive sensors let a modern air defense see without switching on</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/how-passive-sensors-complement-radars-in-a-modern-iads/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[ESM, infrared, and acoustic sensors build the air picture in silence, then cue the radar for seconds. How passive sensing fits a modern IADS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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      <title>Why no single sensor or shooter can solve the armed drone problem on its own</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/why-no-single-sensor-or-shooter-solves-the-drone-problem/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Counter-drone defense needs layered sensors and effects because drones span five orders of magnitude in cost. The cost-per-kill curve, explained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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    <item>
      <title>Why an interceptor can cost a hundred times the drone it downs</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/the-cost-exchange-problem-why-interceptors-cost-more-than-targets/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Why a $4 million interceptor meets $20,000 drones, what the exchange ratio does to magazines, and how defenders re-tier their shots. The math explained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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    <item>
      <title>Magazine depth is the number that decides an air defense battle before it starts</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/what-magazine-depth-means-when-interceptors-run-out/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Magazine depth decides air defense battles before they start. How many interceptors a battery holds, how fast salvos empty it, and how long a reload takes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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    <item>
      <title>Terrain and siting decide what a ground radar can and cannot see</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/how-terrain-and-siting-decide-ground-radar-coverage/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[Hills, horizon, and antenna height cut a radar's published range down to a site-specific shape. How siting surveys map what a ground radar really sees.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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    <item>
      <title>How C-RAM defenses shoot down rockets, artillery and mortar rounds in mid-flight</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/how-c-ram-defenses-stop-rockets-artillery-and-mortars/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[C-RAM defense destroys rockets, artillery and mortar rounds in flight: the gun layer, the missile layer, and the cost of every intercept.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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    <item>
      <title>Why low-flying cruise missiles vanish from ground radar and how airborne cueing finds them</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/why-cruise-missiles-hide-from-ground-radar-and-how-cueing-fixes-it/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[A cruise missile at 100 feet hides from a 30-foot radar until about 19 nautical miles. How the radar horizon works and how airborne cueing closes it.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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      <title>An engagement zone is smaller than the missile: how defenders size it</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/what-an-engagement-zone-is-and-how-defenders-size-it/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[An engagement zone is far smaller than an interceptor's advertised range. How geometry, timing, and kill probability set the real firing box.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Jan 2026 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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      <title>How a layered integrated air defense system turns scattered sensors into one engagement decision</title>
      <link>https://ednnews-12.com/airdefense/how-a-layered-iads-ties-sensors-and-shooters-into-one-decision/</link>
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      <description><![CDATA[An integrated air defense system fuses radar tracks, assigns shooters, and times one engagement decision. How the kill chain and cueing actually work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Marta Kowalczyk</dc:creator>
      <category>Airdefense</category>
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